The concept of revolution is often associated with modernity due in large part to the significance and massive impact of the French Revolution of 1789, with the year 1789 frequently serving as the end point for the Early Modern period…
So many countries and armies have plunged into war with Russia. And so many of them have suffered similar, grave fates. During the Great Northern War (1700-1721), the young and martial Charles XII of Sweden had expertly picked off one…
The Bourbon Restoration was an attempt by both the French monarchy and the victorious coalition powers to close the Pandora’s box of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic era. Though many wanted a complete restoration of the ways of the Ancien…
The French Revolution, a period of radical political and societal transformation in France that spanned a decade from 1789 to 1799, indelibly shaped the trajectory of modern history. However, in order to fully understand this seismic event, you have to…
As far back as Classical Antiquity, European, African, and Middle Eastern polities have had to deal with the inescapable fact that control over — or, at least, guaranteed safe passage through — the Western Mediterranean could be a matter of…
In the realm of diplomatic history and international relations, the Eastern question referred to a complex geopolitical problem that spanned the late 18th to early 20th centuries, revolving around the political and economic instability of the Ottoman Empire. This predicament…
The Age of Capital: 1848–1875 is a book by Eric Hobsbawm, originally published in 1975. It is the second in his trilogy of books about a time period he phrased, “the long 19th century”. This book is preceded by The…
Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we were able to assemble an interactive map of the United States with each state’s respective unemployment rate for the years 1976 to 2023. Examining unemployment rates by state for this 47-year…
“Cabinet wars” is a historiographical term to describe the transitional period from the regular, limited, aristocratic conflicts of the late-17th and 18th centuries, to the “total”, massive, people’s warfare following the French Revolution’s outbreak in 1789. The term comes from…
